<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107</id><updated>2012-02-08T21:45:59.908-08:00</updated><title type='text'>dunia-hacker</title><subtitle type='html'>Hacker is My Life</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>9</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-1019596792074874609</id><published>2007-09-19T01:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-19T01:25:41.457-07:00</updated><title type='text'>sejarah dunia hacker</title><content type='html'>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Seleksi alam yang terjadi dalam dunia&lt;br /&gt;hacker telah menyisihkan beberapa yang tidak mampu beradaptasi.&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa diantara mereka beralih profesi atau mulai melakukan sesuatu&lt;br /&gt;yang berbeda dari filosofi hacking. Mereka yang mampu bertahan&lt;br /&gt;menggoreskan namanya sebagai seorang demigod, seorang elite yang&lt;br /&gt;mengabdi kepada budaya hacker. Memang tidak layak membanding-bandingkan&lt;br /&gt;kemampuan seorang hacker - dan semua&lt;br /&gt;individu -. Tidak-lah etis untuk menilai sesuatu secara universal,&lt;br /&gt;masing-masing substansi punya keunikan tersendiri. Dan uranium yang&lt;br /&gt;berpendar ketika gelap. Namun selalu ada causa prima, dan emas akan&lt;br /&gt;berbinar layaknya emas, walaupun didalam lumpur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam hal ini tidak ada perbandingan mutlak terhadap kehebatan seorang&lt;br /&gt;hacker. Hall of fame disini hanyalah kumpulan hacker-hacker yang telah&lt;br /&gt;mengabdi dan dikenal oleh masyarakat hacker secara umum.&lt;br /&gt;1. Richard Stallman&lt;br /&gt;Handle: tidak ada (tidak ada yang harus disembunyikan)&lt;br /&gt;Salah seorang ‘Old School Hacker’, bekerja pada lab Artificial&lt;br /&gt;Intelligence MIT. Merasa terganggu oleh software komersial dan dan hak&lt;br /&gt;cipta pribadi. Akhirnya mendirikan GNU (baca: guhNew) yang merupakan&lt;br /&gt;singkatan dari GNU NOT UNIX. Menggunakan komputer pertama sekali pada&lt;br /&gt;tahun 1969 di IBM New York Scintific Center saat berumur 16 tahun.&lt;br /&gt;2. Dennis Ritchie dan Ken Thomson&lt;br /&gt;Handle: dmr dan ken&lt;br /&gt;Dennis Ritchie adalah seorang penulis bahasa C, bersama Ken Thomson menulis sistem operasi UNIX yang elegan.&lt;br /&gt;3. John Draper&lt;br /&gt;Handle: Cap’n Crunch&lt;br /&gt;Penemu nada tunggal 2600 Herz menggunakan peluit plastik yang&lt;br /&gt;merupakan hadiah dari kotak sereal. Merupakan pelopor penggunaan nada&lt;br /&gt;2600 Hz dan dikenal sebagai Phone Phreaker (Phreaker, baca: frieker)&lt;br /&gt;Nada 2600 Hz digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan pemanggilan&lt;br /&gt;telepon gratis. Pada pengembangannya, nada 2600 Hz tidak lagi dibuat&lt;br /&gt;dengan peluit plastik, melainkan menggunakan alat yang disebut ‘Blue&lt;br /&gt;Box’.&lt;br /&gt;4. Mark Abene&lt;br /&gt;Handle: Phiber Optik&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai salah seorang ‘Master of Deception’ phiber optic&lt;br /&gt;menginspirasikan ribuan remaja untuk mempelajari sistem internal&lt;br /&gt;telepon negara. Phiber optik juga dinobatkan sebagai salah seorang dari&lt;br /&gt;100 orang jenius oleh New York Magazine. Menggunakan komputer Apple ][,&lt;br /&gt;Timex Sinclair dan Commodore 64. Komputer pertamanya adalah Radio Shack&lt;br /&gt;TRS-80 (trash-80).&lt;br /&gt;5. Robert Morris&lt;br /&gt;Handle: rtm&lt;br /&gt;Seorang anak dari ilmuwan National Computer Security Center&lt;br /&gt;-merupakan bagian dari National Security Agencies (NSA) -. Pertama&lt;br /&gt;sekali menulis Internet Worm yang begitu momental pada tahun&lt;br /&gt;1988.Meng-infeksi ribuan komputer yang terhubung dalam jaringan.&lt;br /&gt;6. Kevin Mitnick&lt;br /&gt;Handle: Condor&lt;br /&gt;Kevin adalah hacker pertama yang wajahnya terpampang dalam poster ‘FBI Most Wanted’.&lt;br /&gt;Kevin juga seorang ‘Master of Deception’ dan telah menulis buku yang&lt;br /&gt;berjudul ‘The Art of Deception’. Buku ini menjelaskan berbagai teknik&lt;br /&gt;social engineering untuk mendapatkan akses ke dalam sistem.&lt;br /&gt;7. Kevin Poulsen&lt;br /&gt;Handle: Dark Dante&lt;br /&gt;Melakukan penipuan digital terhadap stasiun radio KIIS-FM,&lt;br /&gt;memastikan bahwa ia adalah penelpon ke 102 dan memenangkan Porsche 944&lt;br /&gt;S2.&lt;br /&gt;8. Johan Helsingius&lt;br /&gt;Handle: julf&lt;br /&gt;Mengoperasikan anonymous remailer paling populer didunia.&lt;br /&gt;9. Vladimir Levin&lt;br /&gt;Handle: tidak diketahui&lt;br /&gt;Lulusan St. Petersburg Tekhnologichesky University. Menipu computer&lt;br /&gt;CitiBank dan meraup keuntungan 10 juta dollar. Ditangkap Interpol di&lt;br /&gt;Heathrow Airport pada tahun 1995&lt;br /&gt;10. Steve Wozniak&lt;br /&gt;Handle: ?&lt;br /&gt;Membangun komputer Apple dan menggunakan ‘blue box’ untuk kepentingan sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;11. Tsutomu Shimomura&lt;br /&gt;Handle: ?&lt;br /&gt;Berhasil menangkap jejak Kevin Mitnick.&lt;br /&gt;12. Linus Torvalds&lt;br /&gt;Handle: ?&lt;br /&gt;Seorang hacker sejati, mengembangkan sistem operasi Linux yang&lt;br /&gt;merupakan gabungan dari ‘LINUS MINIX’. Sistem operasi Linux telah&lt;br /&gt;menjadi sistem operasi ’standar’ hacker. Bersama Richard Stallman&lt;br /&gt;dengan GNU-nya membangun Linux versi awal dan berkolaborasi dengan&lt;br /&gt;programmer, developper dan hacker seluruh dunia untuk mengembangkan&lt;br /&gt;kernel Linux.&lt;br /&gt;13. Eric Steven Raymond&lt;br /&gt;Bapak hacker. Seorang hacktivist dan pelopor opensource movement.&lt;br /&gt;Menulis banyak panduan hacking, salah satunya adalah: ‘How To Become A&lt;br /&gt;Hacker’ dan ‘The new hacker’s Dictionary’. Begitu fenomenal dan dikenal&lt;br /&gt;oleh seluruh masyarakat hacking dunia. Menurut Eric, “dunia mempunyai&lt;br /&gt;banyak persoalan menarik dan menanti untuk dipecahkan.”&lt;br /&gt;14. Ian Murphy&lt;br /&gt;Handle: Captain Zap&lt;br /&gt;Ian Muphy bersama 3 orang rekannya, melakukan hacking ke dalam&lt;br /&gt;komputer AT&amp;T dan menggubah seting jam internal-nya. Hal ini&lt;br /&gt;mengakibatkan masyarakat pengguna telfon mendapatkan diskon ‘tengah&lt;br /&gt;malam’ pada saat sore hari, dan yang telah menunggu hingga tengah malam&lt;br /&gt;harus membayar dengan tagihan yang tinggi.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-1019596792074874609?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/1019596792074874609/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=1019596792074874609&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/1019596792074874609'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/1019596792074874609'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/sejarah-dunia-hacker.html' title='sejarah dunia hacker'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-7207234568169041721</id><published>2007-09-19T00:21:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-19T00:21:51.976-07:00</updated><title type='text'>UnInstall DeepFreeze v.6 yang dipassword !!!</title><content type='html'>DeepFreeze memang suatu aplikasi yang cukup Oke! dan sangat membantu terutama bagi para Pengelola lab atau warnet. Dengan-nya kita kita cukup tenang karena walaupun system diotak-atik nantinya akan balik seperti keadaan semula cukup dengan hanya di restart. Akan tetapi bagaimana jadinya jika kita lupa Password-nya?? Jadilah senjata makan tuan donk!!!.&lt;br /&gt;Bagi yang pake DeepFreeze v.5 sih kayaknya kurang begitu masalah, karena sudah tersedia software untuk mendisable-nya (tinggal cari aja di i-net Deep UnFreeze), namun untuk DeepFreeze v.6 sampai saat masih susah untuk mendapatkan antinya. Tapi jangan bersedih hati dulu, karena ternyata masih bisa untuk di disable bahkan di uninstall. Ini saya dapat dari pengalaman sendiri yang secara tidak sengaja saya merepair kompi lab yang rusak systemnya, dan tentunya DeepFreeze v.6 yg saya pasang belum di disable.&lt;br /&gt;Untuk lebih jelas, langkah2-nya adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;1. Siapkan CDROM dan CD Installer Windos XP nya&lt;br /&gt;2. Atur First Boot priority nya menjadi CD-ROM&lt;br /&gt;3. Restart Kompi dan pilih boot from CD-ROM&lt;br /&gt;4. Ikuti langkah2 seperti pada saat install Windos&lt;br /&gt;5. Sampai pada bagian Enter to Setup … Enterlah lalu tekan F8 untuk persetujuan dan tunggu beberapa saat&lt;br /&gt;6. Lalu tekan R untuk repair (Repair Setup)&lt;br /&gt;7. Selanjutnya ikuti langkah2 install windos berikutnya sampe selese.&lt;br /&gt;8. Sekarang siapkan DeepFreeze v.6 nya dan double klik&lt;br /&gt;9. Maka akan muncul jendela unInstall DeepFreeze dan lakukan proses uninstall sampai selese&lt;br /&gt;10. Sekarang masalah sudah kelar…&lt;br /&gt;Tinggal pilih mo di install DeepFreeze lagi ato tidak? Kalo mo diinstall lagi, pastikan dulu kita tahu passwordnya OK!&lt;br /&gt;Sekarang lupa password DeepFreeze V.6, ga perlu install ulang deh…&lt;br /&gt;NB: saya tidak bertanggung jawab atas penyalahgunaan artikel ini, saya bermaksud untuk berbagi aja karena saya lihat banyak yang mengalami masalah seperti ini dan bingung cara menghadapinya, akhirnya mereka install ulang deh kompinya… (:&lt;br /&gt;Oya, ketinggalan nih… Silahkan tinggalkan pesan, kritik, saran, atau tambahan. Mungkin ada yang menemukan cara lain yang lebih efektif, dishare aja di sini…&lt;br /&gt;Semoga bermanfaat !&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-7207234568169041721?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/7207234568169041721/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=7207234568169041721&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/7207234568169041721'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/7207234568169041721'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/uninstall-deepfreeze-v6-yang-dipassword.html' title='UnInstall DeepFreeze v.6 yang dipassword !!!'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-69851548288163945</id><published>2007-09-19T00:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-19T00:15:57.203-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Membuka Komputer yang Terprotek Software “DeepFreeze” (Hack DeepFreeze)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none" href="http://services.google.com/feedback/abg?url=http://zandi.wordpress.com/2007/02/07/membuka-komputer-yang-terprotek-dengan-deepfreeze/&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;client=ca-pub-3443918307802676&amp;amp;adU=www.crackpdf.com&amp;amp;adT=PDF+Password+Cracker&amp;amp;adU=FactoSearch.com&amp;amp;adT=Lost+Password&amp;amp;done=1"&gt;Ads by Google&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a style="PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: left; TEXT-DECORATION: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none" onclick="window.location='http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/iclk?sa=l&amp;amp;ai=BCpD3gMzwRt7lHaDouAP33sTxAqW0pwrl2MaxAcCNtwGw6gEQARgBIKTunwYoAjgAUInHpYsCYOnS44OMDqoBCjk5MDc3MDA4MTayARN6YW5kaS53b3JkcHJlc3MuY29tugEJNDY4eDYwX2pzyAEB2gFYaHR0cDovL3phbmRpLndvcmRwcmVzcy5jb20vMjAwNy8wMi8wNy9tZW1idWthLWtvbXB1dGVyLXlhbmctdGVycHJvdGVrLWRlbmdhbi1kZWVwZnJlZXplL4ACAagDAegDH-gDjwLoAw0&amp;amp;num=1&amp;amp;adurl=http://www.crackpdf.com&amp;amp;client=ca-pub-3443918307802676'; return false;" href="s-p:%20Go%20to%20www.crackpdf.com"&gt;PDF Password CrackerRecover Acrobat PDF file to allowread, edit, copy, and print.www.crackpdf.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a style="PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: left; TEXT-DECORATION: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none" onclick="window.location='http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/iclk?sa=l&amp;amp;ai=Br2kogMzwRt7lHaDouAP33sTxAozazR-AoPmWA8CNtwGQThACGAIgpO6fBigCOABQyLqfuAFg6dLjg4wOqgEKOTkwNzcwMDgxNrIBE3phbmRpLndvcmRwcmVzcy5jb226AQk0Njh4NjBfanPIAQHaAVhodHRwOi8vemFuZGkud29yZHByZXNzLmNvbS8yMDA3LzAyLzA3L21lbWJ1a2Eta29tcHV0ZXIteWFuZy10ZXJwcm90ZWstZGVuZ2FuLWRlZXBmcmVlemUvqAMB6AMf6AOPAugDDQ&amp;amp;num=2&amp;amp;adurl=http://FactoSearch.com/Lost-Password/&amp;amp;client=ca-pub-3443918307802676'; return false;" href="s-p:%20Go%20to%20FactoSearch.com"&gt;Lost PasswordThe 10 top Lost Password sitesFind the 10 top Lost Password sitesFactoSearch.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ini kejadian yang aku alami waktu menjadi admin. Untuk melindungi komputer dari tangan-tangan jahil, agar settingnya tidak berubah akhirnya saya kunci semua komputer dg program “Deep Freeze” (cukup membantu memang). Pada suatu waktu saya mau menginstall software baru, tapi….. saya lupa password untuk membuka program “Deep Freeze” tersebut, mau install semua komputer dari awal kelamaan. Akhirnya dapat pemecahannya untuk membuka program tersebut tanpa perlu tau passwordnya.&lt;br /&gt;Caranya sbb :&lt;br /&gt;Download dulu software “&lt;a href="http://newsoftwarelist.com/utilities/deep-freeze-unfreezer/" target="_blank"&gt;unfreezer&lt;/a&gt;” untuk membobol program “DeepFreeze” di &lt;a href="http://newsoftwarelist.com/utilities/deep-freeze-unfreezer/" target="_blank" modo="false"&gt;http://newsoftwarelist.com/utilities/deep-freeze-unfreezer/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terus jalankan program “UnFreezer”, program tersebut akan mendeteksi dg otomatis apakah ada program “DeepFreeze” apa tidak&lt;br /&gt;Lalu tinggal pilih anda mau membuka proteksi komputer tersebut dg memilih “Thawed” ato tidak.&lt;br /&gt;Klo udah restart komputernya (udah kebuka DeepFreeze nya… :D)&lt;br /&gt;Semoga pengalaman ini bisa membantu teman2 yang komputernya terDeepFreeze. 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return false;" href="s-p:%20Go%20to%20www.safenet-inc.com" modo="false"&gt;Luna HSMA flexible, Ethernet-attached HSM Powerful cryptographic accelerationwww.safenet-inc.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-69851548288163945?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/69851548288163945/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=69851548288163945&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/69851548288163945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/69851548288163945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/membuka-komputer-yang-terprotek.html' title='Membuka Komputer yang Terprotek Software “DeepFreeze” (Hack DeepFreeze)'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-6330941878892868470</id><published>2007-09-18T18:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-18T18:49:11.736-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Jangan dulu punya anggapan buruk dengan yang namanya Hacker</title><content type='html'>Jangan dulu punya anggapan buruk dengan yang namanya Hacker, karena anda mesti tahu seperti apa Hacker sejati itu. Masalahnya, ada sekelompok orang yang menyebut-nyebut dirinya sebagai Hacker padahal mereka itu adalah seorang Cracker. Hacker sejati sebenarnya tidak sejahat (atau bahkan tidak jahat sama sekali) seperti yang kebanyakan dipikirkan orang. Hacker adalah sekumpulan atau beberapa kelompok yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengengetahuan dan sharing informasi bebas tanpa batas. Hacker adalah seseorang yang tertarik  untuk mengetahui  secara mendalam  mengenai kerja suatu system,komputer, atau jaringan komputer. Mereka terdiri dari para programer yang ahli jaringan. Mereka jugalah yang berjasa membangun Internet lewat pengembangan sistem operasi UNIX.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Istilah Hacker sendiri lahir sekitar tahun 1959 dari MIT(Massacusetts Institute of Technology), sebuah universitas di Amerika yang  terdiri dari orang-orang cerdas namun cenderung tidak mempercayai adanya Tuhan (Atheis). Saat itulah semua berawal, dari sebuah ruangan baru, “EAM room” pada Building 26 MIT, sebuah tempat yang merupakan nenek moyang dari “dunia baru” yang kini kita kenal, tempat nenek moyang sebuah mesin yang kini kita sebut sebagai “komputer”, mesin yang mampu membawa kita menuju kelebihbaikan dengan kebebasan informasi, dunia para Hacker sejati.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para Hacker selalu bekerjasama secara sukarela menyelesaikan masalah dan membangun sesuatu. Mereka selalu berbagi informasi, memberi jawaban serta berlomba-lomba untuk berbuat yang terbaik agar dihormati di lingkungannya. Mereka tidak pernah berhenti belajar untuk menjadi ahli dan sangat anti untuk melakukan sesuatu berulang-ulang dan membosankan. Mereka berpedoman pada kata-kata bijak : “Untuk mengikuti jalan - pandanglah sang ahli - ikuti sang ahli - berjalan bersama sang ahli - kenali sang ahli -jadilah sang ahli ”  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sementara itu, para cracker sibuk untuk memuaskan diri mereka dengan aktivitas Cracking. mulai dari membobol komputer, menebar virus (tanpa tujuan - beberapa Hacker sejati ada yang menulis virus namun dengan tujuan yang jelas), hingga mengakali telepon (Phreaking). Para Hacker menyebut mereka sebagai orang malas yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Jadi, sangat tidak adil jika kita tetap menganggap bahwa Hacker itu jahat dan menakutkan karena sangat jelas bahwa Hacker bersifat membangun sementara Cracker bersifat membongkar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ingin jadi seorang Hacker?? Tidak ada kata sulit bagi mereka yang mau belajar. Untuk menjadi seorang Hacker anda harus menguasai beberapa bahasa pemrograman dan tentu saja sikap-sikap yang bisa membuat anda diterima di lingkungan mereka. Biasanya calon Hacker memulai dengan belajar bahasa [Python] karena bahasa ini tergolong bahasa pemrograman yang termudah. Bahasan mengenai bahasa ini bisa anda lihat di www.python.org. Setelah itu anda juga harus menguasai [java] yang sedikit lebih sulit akan tetapi menghasilkan kode yang lebih cepat dari Python, [C], [C++] yang menjadi inti dari UNIX, dan [Perl] (www.perl.com ) serta [LISP] untuk tingkat lanjut. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah menguasai semua kemampuan dasar diatas, calon Hacker disarankan untuk membuka salah sati versi UNIX open-source atau mempelajari LINUX, membaca kodenya, memodifikasi dan menjalankannya kembali. Jika mengalami kesulitan, disarankan untuk berkomunikasi dengan club pengguna Linux [ www.linpeople.org]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sisi menarik dari seorang Hacker adalah dimana mereka saling bahu-membahu dalam menyelesaikan sebuah masalah dan membangun sesuatu. Tetapi sayangnya, kehidupan mereka yang menghabiskan 90% waktunya untuk aktivitas Hacking bukanlah hal yang baik. 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return false;" href="s-p:%20Go%20to%20Reference.Starware.com" modo="false"&gt;Excel DefinitionLook Up Excel Definition Now Define Words with Reference ToolbarReference.Starware.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-6330941878892868470?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/6330941878892868470/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=6330941878892868470&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/6330941878892868470'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/6330941878892868470'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/jangan-dulu-punya-anggapan-buruk-dengan.html' title='Jangan dulu punya anggapan buruk dengan yang namanya Hacker'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-2659810571033938171</id><published>2007-09-18T00:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-18T01:01:58.566-07:00</updated><title type='text'>HACKER</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;HackeR&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Basic navigation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_navigation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Find out more about navigating Wikipedia and finding information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; •&lt;br /&gt;Jump to: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#column-one"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;navigation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#searchInput"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;search&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;This article is about computer hacking. For other uses, see &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker (disambiguation)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28disambiguation%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker (disambiguation)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacking" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacking"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Hacker, as it relates to computers, has several common meanings. Hacker is often used by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Mass media" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;mass media&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; to refer to a person who engages in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker (computer security)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28computer_security%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;computer cracking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and is also often used by those in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Computer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;computing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; fields to refer to a person who is a computer enthusiast. At least three major hacker subcultures, characterized by their largely distinct historical development, use the term in their &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Jargon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;jargon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; for self-identification.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; They are centered around different, but partially overlapping aspects of computers and have conflicting ideas about who may legitimately be called a hacker (see &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker definition controversy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_definition_controversy"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;hacker definition controversy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;). In computer security, a hacker is someone who focuses on security mechanisms. In common use, which was popularized by the mass media, that refers to someone who illegally breaks into computer and network systems. That is, the media portrays the 'hacker' as a villain. Nevertheless, parts of the subculture see their aim in correcting security problems and use the word in a positive sense. They operate under a code of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="White hat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker Ethic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, in which it's acknowledged that breaking into other people's computers is bad, but that discovering and exploiting security mechanisms and breaking into computers is nevertheless an interesting aspect that can be done in an ethical and legal way. This use is contrasted by the different understanding of the word as a person who follows a spirit of playful cleverness and loves programming. It is found in an originally academic movement unrelated to computer security and most visibly associated with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Free software" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;free software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Open source" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;open source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. It also has a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker ethic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_ethic"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;hacker ethic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, based on the idea that writing software and sharing the result is a good idea, but only on a voluntary basis, and that information should be free, but that it's not up to the hacker to make it free by breaking into private computer systems. Academic hackers disassociate from the mass media's pejorative use of the word 'hacker' referring to computer security, and usually prefer the term 'cracker' for that meaning. In a third meaning, the term refers to computer hobbyists who push the limits of their software or hardware.&lt;br /&gt;Contents[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" id="togglelink" href="javascript:toggleToc()"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;hide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Computer_security_hackers"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;1 Computer security hackers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Personalities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;1.1 Personalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Academic_hackers"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;2 Academic hackers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Personalities_2"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;2.1 Personalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Hobby_Hackers"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;3 Hobby Hackers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Personalities_3"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;3.1 Personalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Overlaps_and_differences"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;4 Overlaps and differences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#See_also"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;5 See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#References"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;6 References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#Related_books"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;7 Related books&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#External_links"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;8 External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="Computer_security_hackers" name="Computer_security_hackers"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Computer security hackers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Computer security hackers&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker (computer security)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28computer_security%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker (computer security)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Computer security" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;computer security&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, a hacker is a person who specializes in work with the security mechanisms for computer and network systems. The subculture around such hackers is termed network hacker subculture, hacker scene or computer underground. While including those who endeavor to strengthen such mechanisms, it is more often used by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Mass media" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;mass media&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and popular culture to refer to those who seek access despite these security measures. Accordingly, the term bears strong connotations that may be favorable or pejorative.&lt;br /&gt;The network hacker subculture initially developed in the context of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Phreaking" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreaking"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;phreaking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; during the 1960s and the microcomputer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Bulletin board system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_board_system"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;BBS scene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; of the 1980s. It is implicated with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="2600: The Hacker Quarterly" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2600:_The_Hacker_Quarterly"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;2600: The Hacker Quarterly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Alt.2600" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt.2600"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;alt.2600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; newsgroup.&lt;br /&gt;By &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="1983" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;1983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, hacking in the sense of breaking computer security had already been in use as computer jargon,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; but there was no public awareness about such activities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-2"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; However, the release of the movie &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="WarGames" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarGames"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;WarGames&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; that year raised the public belief that computer security hackers (especially teenagers) could be a threat to national security. This concern became real when a gang of teenage &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Black hat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;crackers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee%2C_Wisconsin"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Milwaukee, Wisconsin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; known as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="The 414s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_414s"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The 414s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; broke into computer systems throughout the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, including those of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Los Alamos National Laboratory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Los Alamos National Laboratory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Sloan-Kettering_Cancer_Center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Security Pacific Bank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Pacific_Bank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Security Pacific Bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. The case quickly grew media attention&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-3"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-4"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, and 17-year-old Neal Patrick emerged as the spokesman for the gang, including a cover story in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Newsweek" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Newsweek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; entitled "Beware: Hackers at play", with Patrick's photograph on the cover. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-5"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; The Newsweek article appears to be the first use of the word hacker by the mainstream media in the pejorative sense.&lt;br /&gt;As a result of news coverage, congressman &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Dan Glickman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Glickman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Dan Glickman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; called for an investigation and new laws about computer hacking. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-6"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Neal Patrick testified before the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="U.S. House of Representatives" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;U.S. House of Representatives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="September 26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_26"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;September 26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="1983" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;1983&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; about the dangers of computer hacking, and six bills concerning computer crime were introduced in the House that year. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; As a result of these laws against computer criminality, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="White hat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;white hat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Grey hat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_hat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;grey hat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Black hat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;black hat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; hackers try to distinguish themselves from each other, depending on the legality of their activities.&lt;br /&gt;Computer pioneer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Ken Thompson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Ken Thompson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; reflected on the above events during his 1983 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Turing Award" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Turing Award&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; lecture: "I would like to criticize the press in its handling of the 'hackers,' the 414 gang, the Dalton gang, etc. The acts performed by these kids are vandalism at best and probably trespass and theft at worst. ... I have watched kids testifying before Congress. It is clear that they are completely unaware of the seriousness of their acts." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Personalities" name="Personalities"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Personalities" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Personalities&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Loyd Blankenship" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyd_Blankenship"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Loyd Blankenship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (also known as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="The Mentor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mentor"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Mentor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;) — Former &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Legion of Doom (hacking)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Doom_%28hacking%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;LOD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; member. Author of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker Manifesto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_Manifesto"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Conscience of a Hacker (Hacker's Manifesto)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Eric Gorden Corley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Gorden_Corley"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Eric Corley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (also known as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Emmanuel Goldstein" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Goldstein"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Emmanuel Goldstein&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;) — Long standing publisher of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="2600 The Hacker Quarterly" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2600_The_Hacker_Quarterly"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;2600: The Hacker Quarterly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and founder of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="H.O.P.E." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.O.P.E."&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;H.O.P.E.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; conferences. He has been part of the hacker community since the late '70s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Cult of the Dead Cow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_the_Dead_Cow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;CULT OF THE DEAD COW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — A high profile hacker group that has both made news and been consulted by the media on numerous occasions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Brian Dorsett" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dorsett"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Brian Dorsett&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — Reverse-engineered the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="NDS Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDS_Group"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;NDS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; satellite access smartcard known as the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="DirecTV" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirecTV#Access_card_history"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;HU card&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. Currently imprisoned at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="new" title="Federal Detention Center, Miami" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Detention_Center%2C_Miami&amp;amp;action=edit"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Miami FDC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. He recorded a daily podcast from prison titled &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://bdorsett.mypodcast.com/" href="http://bdorsett.mypodcast.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Prisoncast&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Dead external links" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;dead link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; – &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://bdorsett.mypodcast.com/" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://bdorsett.mypodcast.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;], although this is no longer active.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Patrick K. Kroupa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_K._Kroupa"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Patrick K. Kroupa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (also known as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Lord Digital" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Digital"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Lord Digital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;) — Former &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Legion of Doom (hacking)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Doom_%28hacking%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;LOD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; member, co-founder of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="MindVox" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MindVox"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;MindVox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, author of Phantom Access programs, and MindVox: The Overture. Appears in over 20 books and hundreds of media and press articles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Gary McKinnon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_McKinnon"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Gary McKinnon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (Also known as Solo) accused of hacking into 97 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Military of the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;United States military&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="NASA" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;NASA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; computers in 2001 and 2002.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-9"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Kevin Mitnick" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mitnick"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Kevin Mitnick&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — A former computer criminal who now (since his release from prison in 2000) speaks, consults, and authors books about &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Social engineering (security)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_%28security%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;social engineering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and network security.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Stuart Goldman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Goldman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Stuart Goldman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;; Known as the "Hollywood Hacker," Goldman, who was working on an expose of the tabloid industry, was arrested in 1990 for breaking into the computers of Fox Television. Goldman later returned to court with evidence that he had been set up by Fox. All charges against him were dropped and his record expunged. Goldman sold a screenplay ("Spy Vs. Spies") to Phoenix Pictures and producer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Oliver Stone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Stone"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Oliver Stone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; based upon his experience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="Academic_hackers" name="Academic_hackers"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Academic hackers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Academic hackers&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker (academia)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28academia%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker (academia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;In the academic hacker culture, a computer hacker is a person who enjoys designing software and building programs with a sense for aesthetics and playful cleverness.&lt;br /&gt;According to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Eric S. Raymond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Eric S. Raymond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-10"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; the academic hacker subculture developed in the 1960s among hackers working on early &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Minicomputer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;minicomputers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; in academic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Computer science" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;computer science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; environments. After 1969 it fused with the technical culture of the pioneers of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Internet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. One &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="PDP-10" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-10"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;PDP-10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; machine at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="MIT" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;MIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; connected to the Internet provided an early hacker meeting point. It was called AI and ran &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Incompatible Timesharing System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ITS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. After 1980 the subculture coalesced with the culture of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Unix" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Unix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, and after 1987 with elements of the early &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Microcomputer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcomputer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;microcomputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; hobbyists that themselves had connections to radio amateurs in the 1920s. Since the mid-1990s, it has been largely coincident with what is now called the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Free software movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movement"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;free software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Open source movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_movement"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;open source movement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Many programmers have been labeled "great hackers,"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-11"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; but the specifics of who that label applies to is a matter of opinion. Certainly major contributors to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Computer science" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;computer science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edsger Dijkstra" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edsger_Dijkstra"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Edsger Dijkstra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Donald Knuth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Donald Knuth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, as well as the inventors of popular software such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Linus Torvalds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Linus Torvalds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Linux" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;), and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Dennis Ritchie" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Dennis Ritchie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Ken Thompson (computer programmer)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson_%28computer_programmer%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Ken Thompson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="C (programming language)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28programming_language%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;C programming language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;) are likely to be included in any such list; see also &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="List of programmers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programmers"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;List of programmers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. People primarily known for their contributions to the consciousness of the academic hacker culture include &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Richard Stallman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Richard Stallman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, the founder of the free software movement and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="GNU project" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_project"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;GNU project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, president of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Free Software Foundation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Free Software Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and author of the famous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Emacs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Emacs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; text editor as well as the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="GNU Compiler Collection" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Eric S. Raymond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Eric S. Raymond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, one of the founders of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Open Source Initiative" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Open Source Initiative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and writer of the famous text &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Cathedral and the Bazaar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and many other essays, maintainer of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Jargon File" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon_File"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Jargon File&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (which was previously maintained by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Guy L. Steele, Jr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_L._Steele%2C_Jr."&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Guy L. Steele, Jr.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;Within the academic hacker culture, the term hacker is also used for a programmer who reaches a goal by employing a series of modifications to extend existing &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Source code" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; or resources. In this sense, it can have a negative connotation of using &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Kludge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kludge"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;kludges&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; to accomplish programming tasks that are ugly, inelegant, and inefficient. This derogatory form of the noun "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hack (technology slang)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hack_%28technology_slang%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;hack&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;" is even used among users of the positive sense of "hacker" (some argue that it should not be, due to this negative meaning; others argue that some kludges can, for all their ugliness and imperfection, still have "hack value"). In a very universal sense, a hacker also means someone who makes things work beyond perceived limits in a clever way in general, for example &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Reality hacker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;reality hackers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-12"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Personalities_2" name="Personalities_2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Personalities" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Personalities&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Bruce Perens" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Perens"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Bruce Perens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — one of the founders of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Open Source Initiative" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Open Source Initiative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. He was the former &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Debian GNU/Linux" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian_GNU/Linux"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Debian GNU/Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Project Leader, and is the primary author of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Open Source Definition" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Definition"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Open Source Definition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Eric S. Raymond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Eric S. Raymond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — also one of the founders of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Open Source Initiative" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Open Source Initiative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. He wrote the famous text &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Cathedral and the Bazaar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and many other essays. He also maintains the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Jargon File" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon_File"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Jargon File&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; for the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_culture"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker culture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, which was previously maintained by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Guy L. Steele, Jr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_L._Steele%2C_Jr."&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Guy L. Steele, Jr.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Richard Stallman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Richard Stallman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — founder of the free software movement and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="GNU project" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_project"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;GNU project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, and president of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Free Software Foundation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Free Software Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. Author of the famous &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Emacs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Emacs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; text editor and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Gnu Compiler Collection" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnu_Compiler_Collection"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Gnu Compiler Collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (GCC).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="Hobby_Hackers" name="Hobby_Hackers"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Hobby Hackers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Hobby Hackers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="N write green black.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:N_write_green_black.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Please help &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=" action="edit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;improve this article&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; by expanding this section.See &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Talk:Hacker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;talk page&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; for details. Please remove this message once the section has been expanded.&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker (hobbyist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28hobbyist%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker (hobbyist)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The hobby hacking subculture relates to the hobbyist home computing of the late 1970s, beginning with the availability of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="MITS Altair" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MITS_Altair"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;MITS Altair&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. An influential organization was the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Homebrew Computer Club" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Homebrew Computer Club&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;The areas that didn't fit together with the academic hacker subculture focus mainly on commercial &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Video game" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;computer and video games&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Software cracking" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_cracking"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;software cracking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and exceptional computer programming (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Demo scene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demo_scene"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;demo scene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;), but also to the modification of computer hardware and other electronic devices, see &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Modding" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;modding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="Personalities_3" name="Personalities_3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Personalities" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Personalities&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Steve Wozniak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Wozniak"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Steve Wozniak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; — Computer engineer who created the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Apple I" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_I"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Apple I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Apple II series" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II_series"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Apple II series&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; computers and, with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Steve Jobs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Steve Jobs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, founded Apple Computer (now &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Apple Inc." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Apple Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;). He is known in the hacker community as "Woz" or "The other Steve." Woz came up with some ingenious hardware hacks to bring those machines to completion. He also had a background in the network hacker subculture before this and did &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Blue box" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_box"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;blue boxing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Bill Gates" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;William Henry Gates III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (Bill Gates) — is the co-founder and chairman of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Microsoft" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Microsoft&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Corporation. Although he personally demonstrated considerable personal coding skill early in his company's history &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-13"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-14"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[15]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, he is most widely recognizable today as one of the world's richest individuals. Formerly CEO, in June 2006 he also stepped down as chief software architect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-15"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[16]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="Overlaps_and_differences" name="Overlaps_and_differences"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Overlaps and differences" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Overlaps and differences&lt;br /&gt;The main basic difference between academic and computer security hackers is their separate historical origin and development. The Jargon File reports that although considerable overlap existed for the early phreaking at the beginning of the 1970s, it quickly started to break when people joined in the activity who did it in a less responsible way.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-16"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[17]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Academic hackers usually work openly and use their real name, while computer security hackers prefer secretive groups and identity-concealing aliases. Also, their activities in practice are largely distinct. The former focus on creating new and improving existing infrastructure (especially the software environment they work with), while the latter primarily and strongly emphasize the general act of circumvention of security measures, with the effective use of the knowledge (which can be to report and help fixing the security bugs, or exploitation for criminal purpose) being only rather secondary. The most visible difference in these views was in the design of the MIT hackers' &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Incompatible Timesharing System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Incompatible Timesharing System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, which deliberately didn't have any security measures.&lt;br /&gt;There are some subtle overlaps, however, since basic knowledge about computer security is also common within the academic hacker community. For example, Ken Thompson noted during his 1983 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Turing Award" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Turing Award&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; lecture that it is possible to add code to the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="UNIX" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;UNIX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; "login" command that would accept either the intended encrypted &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Password" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;password&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; or a particular known password, allowing a back door into the system with the latter password. He named his invention the "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Trojan horse (computing)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_%28computing%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Trojan horse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;." Furthermore, Thompson argued, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Compiler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;C compiler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; itself could be modified to automatically generate the rogue code, to make detecting the modification even harder. Because the compiler is itself a program generated from a compiler, the Trojan horse could also be automatically installed in a new compiler program, without any detectable modification to the source of the new compiler.&lt;br /&gt;The academic hacker community sees secondary circumvention of security mechanisms as legitimate if it is done to get practical barriers out of the way for doing actual work. In special forms, that can even be an expression of playful cleverness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-17"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[18]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; However, the systematic and primary engagement in such activities is not one of the actual interests of the academic hacker subculture and it doesn't have significance in its actual activities, either.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-18"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[19]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; A further difference is that, historically, academic hackers were working at academic institutions and used the computing environment there. In contrast, the prototypical computer security hacker had access exclusively to a home computer and a modem.&lt;br /&gt;Since the mid-1980s, there are some overlaps in ideas and members with the computer security hacking community. The most prominent case is Robert T. Morris, who was a user of MIT-AI, yet wrote the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Morris worm" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_worm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Morris worm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. The Jargon File hence calls him "a true hacker who blundered".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-19"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[20]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Nevertheless, members of the academic subculture have a tendency to look down on and disassociate from these overlaps. They commonly refer disparagingly to people in the computer security subculture as crackers, and refuse to accept any definition of hacker that encompasses such activities (see the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hacker definition controversy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_definition_controversy"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker definition controversy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;). The computer security hacking subculture on the other hand tends not to distinguish between the two subcultures as harshly, instead acknowledging that they have much in common including many members, political and social goals, and a love of learning about technology. They restrict the use of the term cracker to their categories of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Script kiddie" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Script_kiddie"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;script kiddies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Black hat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;black hat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; hackers instead.&lt;br /&gt;There is also overlap into the other direction. Since the mid-1990s, with home computers that could run Unix-like operating systems and with inexpensive internet home access being available for the first time, many people from outside of the academic world started to take part in the academic hacking subculture.&lt;br /&gt;All three subcultures have relations to hardware modifications. In the early days of network hacking, phreaks were building &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Blue box" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_box"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;blue boxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and various variants. The academic hacker culture has stories about several hardware hacks in its folklore, such as a mysterious 'magic' switch attached to a PDP-10 computer in MIT's AI lab, that, when turned off, crashed the computer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_note-20"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[21]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; The early hobbyist hackers built their home computers themselves, from construction kits. However, all these activities have died out during the 1980s, when the phone network switched to digitally controlled switchboards, causing network hacking to shift to dialling remote computers with modems, when preassembled inexpensive home computers were available, and when academic institutions started to give individual mass-produced workstation computers to scientists instead of using a central timesharing system. The only kind of widespread hardware modification nowadays is &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Case modding" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_modding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;case modding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;An encounter of the academic and the computer security hacker subculture occurred at the end of the 1980s, when a group of hackers, sympathizing with the Chaos Computer Club (who disclaimed any knowledge in these activities), broke into computers of American military organizations and academic institutions. They sold data from these machines to the Soviet secret service, one of them in order to fund his drug addiction. The case could be solved when scientists from the environment of the academic hacker subculture found ways to log the attacks and to trace them back. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="23 (film)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_%28film%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, a German film adaption with ficitional elements, shows the events from the attackers' perspective. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Clifford Stoll" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Stoll"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Clifford Stoll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, one of the system administrators who helped to catch them, described the case in his book &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="The Cuckoo's Egg (book)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cuckoo%27s_Egg_%28book%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Cuckoo's Egg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; and in the TV documentary The KGB, the Computer, and Me from the other perspective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="See_also" name="See_also"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: See also" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] See also&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hack (technology)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hack_%28technology%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hack (technology)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Category:Computer hacking" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_hacking"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Category:Computer hacking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="History of free software" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_free_software"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;History of free software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Timeline of computer security hacker history" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Timeline of computer security hacker history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="References" name="References"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: References" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] References&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://webzone.k3.mah.se/k3jolo/HackerCultures/origins.htm" href="http://webzone.k3.mah.se/k3jolo/HackerCultures/origins.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://webzone.k3.mah.se/k3jolo/HackerCultures/origins.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; See the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.catb.org/jargon/oldversions/jarg1-81-MM-DD.txt" href="http://www.catb.org/jargon/oldversions/jarg1-81-MM-DD.txt" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;1981 version of the Jargon File&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, entry "hacker", last meaning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-2"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (October 16, 2002). "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.windowsecurity.com/whitepapers/Computer_hacking_Where_did_it_begin_and_how_did_it_grow_.html" href="http://www.windowsecurity.com/whitepapers/Computer_hacking_Where_did_it_begin_and_how_did_it_grow_.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Computer hacking: Where did it begin and how did it grow?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;". WindowSecurity.com.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-3"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Detroit Free Press" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Detroit Free Press&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, September 27, 1983&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-4"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Elmer-DeWitt, Philip (Aug. 29, 1983), "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949797,00.html" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949797,00.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The 414 Gang Strikes Again&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;", &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Time magazine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_magazine"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Time magazine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;: p. 75, &lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949797,00.html" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949797,00.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949797,00.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-5"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; "Beware: Hackers at play", &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Newsweek" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Newsweek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;: pp. 42-46,48, September 5, 1983&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-6"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50606-2002Jun26.html" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50606-2002Jun26.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Timeline: The U.S. Government and Cybersecurity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. Washington Post (2002). Retrieved on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="April 14" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_14"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;04-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; David Bailey, "Attacks on Computers: Congressional Hearings and Pending Legislation," sp, p. 180, 1984 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 1984.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Thompson, Ken (August 1984). "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/712.fall02/papers/p761-thompson.pdf" href="http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ganger/712.fall02/papers/p761-thompson.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Reflections on Trusting Trust&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;". Communications of the ACM 27 (8). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-9"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4757375.stm" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4757375.stm" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4757375.stm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-10"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Eric S. Raymond: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/hacker-history/hacker-history.html" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/hacker-history/hacker-history.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;A Brief History of Hackerdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (2000)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-11"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Paul Graham" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Graham"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Graham, Paul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (2004). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.paulgraham.com/gh.html" href="http://www.paulgraham.com/gh.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Great Hackers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-12"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; See for example the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://hacks.mit.edu/" href="http://hacks.mit.edu/" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;MIT Gallery of Hacks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-13"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Article from The Register &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/05/15/could_bill_gates_write_code/" href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/05/15/could_bill_gates_write_code/" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-14"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Archive.org cache of discussion of Altair Basic source code &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external autonumber" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20020102173701/http://www.rjh.org.uk/altair/ian.htm" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20020102173701/http://www.rjh.org.uk/altair/ian.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-15"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; Microsoft Press release June 2006 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx" href="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-16"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/P/phreaking.html" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/P/phreaking.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/P/phreaking.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-17"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://gnu.mirrorspace.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html" href="http://gnu.mirrorspace.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://gnu.mirrorspace.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-18"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/C/cracker.html" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/C/cracker.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/C/cracker.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-19"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/pt03.html#bibliography" href="http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/pt03.html#bibliography" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/pt03.html#bibliography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker#_ref-20"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external free" title="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/magic-story.html" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/magic-story.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/magic-story.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="Related_books" name="Related_books"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: Related books" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] Related books&lt;br /&gt;Computer security hacking&lt;br /&gt;Logik Bomb: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://insecure.org/stf/hackenc.txt" href="http://insecure.org/stf/hackenc.txt" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacker's Encyclopedia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (1997)&lt;br /&gt;Katie Hafner &amp;amp; John Markoff: Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier (Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, 1991), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0671683225"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0-671-68322-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Bruce Sterling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Sterling"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Sterling, Bruce&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (1992). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.mit.edu/hacker/hacker.html" href="http://www.mit.edu/hacker/hacker.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Hacker Crackdown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. Bantam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=055308058X"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0-553-08058-X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Slatalla, Michelle; Joshua Quittner (1995). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Masters of Deception" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masters_of_Deception"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Masters of Deception&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;: The Gang That Ruled Cyberspace. HarperCollins. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0060170301"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0-06-017030-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Dreyfus, Suelette (1997). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Underground (book)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_%28book%29"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. Mandarin. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=1863305955"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 1-86330-595-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Verton, Dan (2002). The Hacker Diaries : Confessions of Teenage Hackers. McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0072223642"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0-07-222364-2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Academic hacking&lt;br /&gt;von Busch, O, and Karl Palmas (2007). Abstract Hacktivism: The making of a hacker culture. OpenMUTE. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=9780955479625"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 978-0955479625&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Eric S. Raymond, Guy L. Steele (Eds.): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Jargon File" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon_File"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The New Hacker's Dictionary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (The MIT Press, 1996), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0262680920"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0262680920&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Steven Levy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Levy"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Levy, Steven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (1984). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolution"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. Doubleday. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0385191952"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0-385-19195-2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Sherry Turkle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherry_Turkle"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Turkle, Sherry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; (1984),The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit , New Edition: MIT Press 2005, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0262701111"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0262701111&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Graham, Paul (2004). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Hackers and Painters" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackers_and_Painters"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hackers and Painters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;amp;isbn=0596006624"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;ISBN 0-59-600662-4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a id="External_links" name="External_links"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Edit section: External links" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hacker&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;] External links&lt;br /&gt;Find more information on Hacker by searching Wikipedia's &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Sister projects" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;sister projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Wiktionary-logo-en.png" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Dictionary definitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="wikt:Main_Page" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Wikibooks-logo.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Textbooks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="b:Main_Page" href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Wikibooks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Wikiquote-logo.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Quotations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="q:Main_Page" href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Wikiquote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Wikisource-logo.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikisource-logo.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Source texts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="s:Main_Page" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Wikisource&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Commons-logo.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Commons-logo.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Images and media&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="commons:Main_Page" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Commons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Wikinews-logo.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikinews-logo.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;News stories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="n:Main_Page" href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Wikinews&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Hacker" href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Learning resources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" title="v:Main_Page" href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Main_Page"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Wikiversity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://chaosradio.ccc.de/cri011.html" href="http://chaosradio.ccc.de/cri011.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Interview with Steven Levy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;: About the different hacker subcultures and their relations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.paulgraham.com/gba.html" href="http://www.paulgraham.com/gba.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Word "Hacker"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Computer security hacking&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.casoabierto.com/Actualidad/Reportajes/The-Ten-Biggest-Legends-of-the-Hacker-Universe.html" href="http://www.casoabierto.com/Actualidad/Reportajes/The-Ten-Biggest-Legends-of-the-Hacker-Universe.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Ten Biggest Legends of the Hacker Universe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20010708111438/http://www.claws-and-paws.com/personal/hacking/17steps.shtml" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010708111438/http://www.claws-and-paws.com/personal/hacking/17steps.shtml" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Hacking in 17 easy steps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, by Doug Mclean.&lt;br /&gt;Academic hacking&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.softpanorama.org/People/index.shtml" href="http://www.softpanorama.org/People/index.shtml" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Portraits of Open Source Pioneers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;How To Become A Hacker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt; by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Eric S. Raymond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Eric S. Raymond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://gnu.mirrorspace.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html" href="http://gnu.mirrorspace.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;The Hacker Community and Ethics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;: An interview with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="Richard Stallman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;Richard M. Stallman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;, 2002&lt;br /&gt;Retrieved from "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:courier new;"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-2659810571033938171?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/2659810571033938171/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=2659810571033938171&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/2659810571033938171'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/2659810571033938171'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/hacker.html' title='HACKER'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-6706340655142964440</id><published>2007-09-17T21:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-17T22:01:11.236-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Keahlianny dapat melihat dan memperbaiki kelamahan perangkat lunak di komputer</title><content type='html'>Hacker dengan keahliannya dapat melihat &amp;amp; memperbaiki kelemahan perangkat lunak di komputer; biasanya kemudian di publikasikan secara terbuka di Internet agar sistem menjadi lebih baik. Sialnya, segelintir manusia berhati jahat menggunakan informasi tersebut untuk kejahatan mereka biasanya disebut cracker. Pada dasarnya dunia hacker &amp;amp; cracker tidak berbeda dengan dunia seni, disini kita berbicara seni keamanan jaringan Internet.&lt;br /&gt;Berbagai Teknik Keamanan Jaringan Internet dapat di peroleh secara mudah di Internet antara lain di &lt;a href="http://www.sans.org/"&gt;www.sans.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.rootshell.com/"&gt;www.rootshell.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.linuxfirewall.org/"&gt;www.linuxfirewall.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"&gt;www.linuxdoc.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.cerias.purdue.edu/coast/firewalls/"&gt;www.cerias.purdue.edu/coast/firewalls/&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/"&gt;www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/&lt;/a&gt;. Sebagian dari teknik ini berupa buku-buku yang jumlahnya beberapa ratus halaman yang dapat di ambil secara cuma-cuma (gratis). Beberapa Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) tentang keamanan jaringan bisa diperoleh di &lt;a href="http://www.iss.net/vd/mail.html"&gt;www.iss.net/vd/mail.html&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.v-one.com/documents/fw-faq.htm"&gt;www.v-one.com/documents/fw-faq.htm&lt;/a&gt;. Dan bagi para experimenter beberapa script/program yang sudah jadi dapat diperoleh antara lain di &lt;a href="http://bastillelinux.sourceforge.net/"&gt;http://bastillelinux.sourceforge.net/&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href="http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/tips/firewall/firewallservice.html"&gt;http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/tips/firewall/firewallservice.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Bagi pembaca yang ingin memperoleh ilmu tentang jaringan dapat di download secara cuma-cuma dari &lt;a href="http://pandu.dhs.org/"&gt;http://pandu.dhs.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.bogor.net/idkf/"&gt;http://www.bogor.net/idkf/&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://louis.idaman.com/idkf"&gt;http://louis.idaman.com/idkf&lt;/a&gt;. Beberapa buku berbentuk softcopy yang dapat di ambil gratis dapat di ambil dari &lt;a href="http://pandu.dhs.org/Buku-Online/"&gt;http://pandu.dhs.org/Buku-Online/&lt;/a&gt;. Kita harus berterima kasih terutama kepada team Pandu yang dimotori oleh I Made Wiryana untuk ini. Pada saat ini, saya tidak terlalu tahu adanya tempat diskusi Indonesia yang aktif membahas teknik-teknik hacking initetapi mungkin bisa sebagian di diskusikan di mailing list lanjut seperti &lt;a href="mailto:kursus-linux@yahoogroups.com"&gt;kursus-linux@yahoogroups.com&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;a href="mailto:linux-admin@linux.or.id"&gt;linux-admin@linux.or.id&lt;/a&gt; yang di operasikan oleh Kelompok Pengguna Linux Indonesia (KPLI) http://www.kpli.or.id.&lt;br /&gt;Tentang Hacking. Cara paling sederhana untuk melihat kelemahan sistem adalah dengan cara mencari informasi dari berbagai vendor misalnya di &lt;a href="http://www.sans.org/newlook/publications/roadmap.htm#3b"&gt;http://www.sans.org/newlook/publications/roadmap.htm#3b&lt;/a&gt; tentang kelemahan dari sistem yang mereka buat sendiri. Di samping, memonitoring berbagai mailing list di Internet yang berkaitan dengan keamanan jaringan seperti dalam daftar &lt;a href="http://www.sans.org/newlook/publications/roadmap.htm#3e"&gt;http://www.sans.org/newlook/publications/roadmap.htm#3e&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Dijelaskan oleh Front-line Information Security Team, "Techniques Adopted By 'System Crackers' When Attempting To Break Into Corporate or Sensitive Private Networks," &lt;a href="mailto:fist@ns2.co.uk"&gt;fist@ns2.co.uk&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.ns2.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.ns2.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;.  Seorang Cracker umumnya pria usia 16-25 tahun.&lt;br /&gt;Seperti kita tahu, umumnya berbagai perusahaan/dotcommers akan menggunakan Internet untuk (1) hosting web server mereka, (2) komunikasi e-mail dan (3) memberikan akses web/internet kepada karyawannya. Pemisahan jaringan Internet dan IntraNet umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik/software Firewall dan Proxy server. Melihat kondisi penggunaan di atas, kelemahan sistem umumnya dapat di tembus misalnya dengan menembus mailserver external/luar yang digunakan untuk memudahkan akses ke mail keluar dari perusahaan. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan agressive-SNMP scanner &amp;amp; program yang memaksa SNMP community string dapat mengubah sebuah router menjadi bridge (jembatan) yang kemudian dapat digunakan untuk batu loncatan untuk masuk ke dalam jaringan internal perusahaan (IntraNet).&lt;br /&gt;Bagi para hacker pemula, kesulitan utama yang akan di hadapi adalah mencari tool (software) yang dapat digunakan untuk mulai belajar hacking. Pada kesempatan ini beberapa situs yang membawa beberapa tool yang sangat berguna untuk melakukan hacking akan di perlihatkan, situs tersebut adalah:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.hackingexposed.com.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.atstake.com&lt;br /&gt;http://www.foundstone.com&lt;br /&gt;http://www.hoobie.net&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://xforce.iis.net/"&gt;http://xforce.iis.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kumpulnya pebisnis dotcom tiap bulan di café &lt;a href="http://www.hackersnight.com/"&gt;www.hackersnight.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kumpulnya hacker-hacker dunia dan banyak link yang bisa dipelajari soal menghacking &lt;a href="http://www.defcon.org/"&gt;www.defcon.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prog. AATools (11 in 1) buka &lt;a href="http://www.glocksoft.com/"&gt;www.glocksoft.com&lt;/a&gt; cari AATools v.4.31 dan klik download (belajar jadi hacker)&lt;br /&gt;Situsnya para hacker &lt;a href="http://neworder.box.sk/"&gt;http://neworder.box.sk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Situs hacker Indonesia &lt;a href="http://www.k-elektronik.org/"&gt;www.k-elektronik.org&lt;/a&gt; cari kelas script kiddies untuk pemula&lt;br /&gt;Berita tentang hacker juga situs Indonesia &lt;a href="http://www.hackerlink.or.id/"&gt;www.hackerlink.or.id&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menggunakan back orifice&lt;br /&gt;Download file bo.zip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cultdeadcow.com/tools/bo.html"&gt;www.cultdeadcow.com/tools/bo.html&lt;/a&gt; atau &lt;a href="http://users.pandora.be/t-mp3/bo/download.html"&gt;http://users.pandora.be/t-mp3/bo/download.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gunakan WinZip untuk mengekstrak file bo.zip kemudian jalankan back orifice&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-6706340655142964440?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/6706340655142964440/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=6706340655142964440&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/6706340655142964440'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/6706340655142964440'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/keahlianny-dapat-melihat-dan.html' title='Keahlianny dapat melihat dan memperbaiki kelamahan perangkat lunak di komputer'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-3808786278832082203</id><published>2007-09-17T21:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-17T21:46:07.639-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Belajar Hack Yuck! (1) - Konsep Dasar Hacking</title><content type='html'>Intro&lt;br /&gt;Dalam suatu kesempatan, saya pernah melihat seorang auditor keamanan jaringan melalukan penetration test (pen-test) terhadap suatu sistem IT. Karena penasaran saya melihat sedikit2 cara penetration test yang dilakukan. Waktu itu saya belum banyak tahu tools apa aja yang digunakan, yang saya tau dia menggunakan tcpdump untuk menganalisis paket apa aja yang lewat, trus untuk men-scan beberapa host menggunakan Nessus. Ada salah satu aplikasi yang digunakan berbasis web yang terdapat kumpulan beberapa exploit. Waktu itu saya belum tahu aplikasi apa itu, yang saya ingat aplikasi itu menggunakan alamat &lt;a href="http://127.0.0.1:55555/"&gt;http://127.0.0.1:55555&lt;/a&gt;, nah berbekal port 55555 saya mencari di google, dan ternyata itu adalah &lt;a href="http://www.metasploit.com/" target="_blank" modo="false"&gt;Metasploit Framework&lt;/a&gt;!.&lt;br /&gt;Peristiwa itu menginspirasikan saya untuk mengenang masa-masa lalu ketika masih seneng2nya ngoprek dan belum ‘tercemar’ oleh DotA. Akhirnya sekarang saya ingin belajar ngoprek lagi, tp lebih fokus ke exploitnya saja. Tulisannya ini akan saya buat menjadi tiga bagian. Bagian pertama mengenai bagaimana salah satu cara umum yang dilakukan untuk menge-hack suatu system. Disini saya lebih menitikberatkan untuk hacking &lt;a title="Operating System" href="http://achkomp/"&gt;OS&lt;/a&gt; Windows XP, karena OS ini paling banyak dipakai orang. Bagian kedua lebih banyak ke teori mengenai exploit. Tapi karena mungkin akan sangat sulit dipahami (saya sendiri msh blm bisa membuat exploit sendiri), saya hanya menuliskan hasil terjemahan yang membahas apa itu dan cara kerja exploit. Sedangkan bagian terakhir merupakan praktek bagaimana mengelakukan penetration test menggunakan metasploit di Windows XP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagian 1&lt;br /&gt;*ini merupakan artikel lama mengenai salah satu cara umum yang dilakukan untuk hacking. (artikel ini jg di mirror oleh Negative a.k.a &lt;a href="http://jim.geovedi.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Jim Geovedi&lt;/a&gt; di &lt;a href="http://www.magnesium.net/~negative/ouch/hack.buat.pemula.txt" target="_blank"&gt;sini&lt;/a&gt;). Langkah dibawah ini merupakan cara ’standar’, hacking sebenarnya tidak harus selalu sesuai dengan ’standar’ ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hacking buat pemula&lt;br /&gt;- by aCh&lt;br /&gt;Artikel ini ditujukan bagi pemula, dan disusun oleh pemula. Ditulis untuk pengetahuan semata. Untuk temen2 yg udah ahli, sok aja dilewat, tapi dibaca juga gpp….&lt;br /&gt;Apa sebenarnya hacking itu? klo menurut pengertian gue, hacking adalah ngoprek. Yup, hacking adalah ngoprek, mempelajari sesuatu dengan keingintahuan (curiosity) yg tinggi, ngutak atik sesuatu, ‘ngudek-ngudek’ sampai ke ‘jeroannya’. Sesuatunya apa dong? ya terserah… bisa komputer, mobil, motor, mesin. Tapi masalahnya ada ngga ya hacker mobil, hacker motor, atau hacker pesawat terbang?? hehe… Walaupun saat ini hacking identik dengan ‘bobol-membobol’, tapi gue kurang setuju klo cuman bobol server orang doang!. Ada yang bilang ‘Hacking is Art’, trus dimana letak seninya dong? Mau tau pengertian hacking sebenarnya, coba baca artikel sebelumnya (&lt;a title="Hacker DNA" href="http://s.ee.itb.ac.id/~achai/H3ck/HowToBecomeHacker_id.html" target="_blank"&gt;How to Become A Hacker&lt;/a&gt;). Di situ dijelasin bahwa hacker berkaitan dengan kemahiran teknis serta kegemaran menyelesaikan masalah dan mengatasi keterbatasan. Contoh hacker pada saat ini yang sering-sering disebut adalah Linus Torvald (tau ngga? itu lho yang menciptakan Linux). Apa dia tukang bobol? belum tentu kan….&lt;br /&gt;Pada artikel ini, gue pengen membagi pengalaman mengenai Hacking, walaupun sampai saat ini gue belum pernah nge-Hack ke server orang. Salah satu cara untuk mencoba simulasi Hack yaitu H3cky0uRs3lf! Buat komputer kita sebagai server (sekaligus belajar konfigurasi server) trus install program yg dibutuhkan. Misalnya klo mo Web Hacking, coba install Apache atau IIS. Atau kita sesuaikan dengan exploit yang udah kita dapet. Tapi lebih baik install Linux atau FreeBSD dulu di komputer pribadi, trus konfigurasi sebagai server, lalu simulasi Hack, setelah itu baru Hack Betulan… Apalagi klo di kost ada jaringan.&lt;br /&gt;Pro dan Kontra Hacking&lt;br /&gt;Pro&lt;br /&gt;Kontra&lt;br /&gt;Etika Hacking&lt;br /&gt;Semua informasi adalah free&lt;br /&gt;Jika semua informasi adalah free, maka tidak ada ladi privacy&lt;br /&gt;Aspek Security&lt;br /&gt;Intrusion adalah ilustrasi kelemahan sistem&lt;br /&gt;Tidak perlu menjadi pencuri untuk menunjukkan pintu yang tidak terkunci&lt;br /&gt;Idle Machines&lt;br /&gt;Hacking hanya pada idle machines&lt;br /&gt;idle machines milik siapa ?&lt;br /&gt;science education&lt;br /&gt;hanya membobol tapi tidak merusak&lt;br /&gt;“hacker wannabe” berpotensi sangat besar untuk merusak&lt;br /&gt;Okeh, sekarang waktunya melakukan aksi…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Fase Persiapan&lt;br /&gt;~ Mengumpulkan informasi sebanyak-banyaknya&lt;br /&gt;- Secara Aktif : - portscanning&lt;br /&gt;- network mapping&lt;br /&gt;- OS Detection&lt;br /&gt;- application fingerprinting&lt;br /&gt;Semua itu bisa dilakukan menggunakan toolz tambahan seperti nmap atau netcat&lt;br /&gt;- Secara Pasif : - mailing-list (jasakom, newbie_hacker, hackelink, dsb)&lt;br /&gt;- via internet registries (informasi domain, IP Addres)&lt;br /&gt;- Website yang menjadi terget&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Fase Eksekusi~ Setelah mendapatkan informasi, biasanya akan didapatkan informasi mengenai OS yg digunakan, serta port yang terbuka dengan daemon yg sedang berjalan. Selanjutnya mencari informasi mengenai vulnerability holes (celah kelemahan suatu program) dan dimanfaatkan menggunakan exploit (&lt;a href="http://packetstromsecurity.org/" target="_blank"&gt;packetstromsecurity.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.milw0rm.com/" target="_blank"&gt;milw0rm&lt;/a&gt;, milis bugtraq, atau mencari lewat #IRC).~ Mengekspolitasi Vulnerability Holes- compile eksploit -&gt; local host -&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$gcc -o exploit exploit.c&lt;br /&gt;$./exploit&lt;br /&gt;# hostname (# tanda mendapatkan akses root)&lt;br /&gt;remote host -&gt; $gcc -o exploit exploit.c&lt;br /&gt;$./exploit -t &lt;a href="http://www.terget.com/"&gt;www.target.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# (klo beruntung mendapatkan akes root)&lt;br /&gt;~ Brute Force&lt;br /&gt;- Secara berulang melakukan percobaan otentifikasi.&lt;br /&gt;- Menebak username dan password.&lt;br /&gt;- Cracking password file&lt;br /&gt;~ Social Engineering&lt;br /&gt;- Memperdayai user untuk memeberi tahu Username dan password&lt;br /&gt;- Intinya ngibulin user….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Fase Setelah Eksekusi&lt;br /&gt;~ Menginstall backdoor, trojans, dan rootkit&lt;br /&gt;~ Menghapus jejak dengan memodifikasi file log agar tidak dicurigai admin&lt;br /&gt;~ Menyalin /etc/passwd atau /etc/shadow/passwd&lt;br /&gt;Nah, intinya seh cara masuk ke server seseorang seperti fase diatas. Mencari informasi, temukan exploit, dan tinggalkan backdoor. Cuma masalahnya hacking bukanlah segampang cara-cara diatas. Itu hanyalah teori, banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan jika ingin mempraketekkan hacking ke server seseorang. Jangan sekali-kali mencoba2 hacking ke server orang tanpa memperhatikan anonimitas (apalagi klo connectnya lewat komputer pribadi tanpa menggunakan proxy). Ntar klo ketahuan bisa repot. Saran gue, cobalah pada mesin localhost dulu (komuter pribadi), klo terhubung ke LAN lebih bagus. Sediakan server yang khusus buat dioprek. Kalaupun pun ga terhubung ke jaringan, kita masih bisa menggunakan Virtual Machine menggunakan VMWare seperti yang nanti akan dibahas pada bagian 3!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Referensi :&lt;br /&gt;-Hacking and Defense, Jim Geovedi, &lt;a href="mailto:negative@magnesium.net"&gt;negative@magnesium.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Network Defense, Jim Geovedi, &lt;a href="mailto:negative@magnesium.net"&gt;negative@magnesium.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-3808786278832082203?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/3808786278832082203/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=3808786278832082203&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/3808786278832082203'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/3808786278832082203'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/belajar-hack-yuck-1-konsep-dasar.html' title='Belajar Hack Yuck! (1) - Konsep Dasar Hacking'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-6062052648875394330</id><published>2007-09-17T21:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-17T21:35:49.269-07:00</updated><title type='text'>$4000/Bulan dari Google AdSense</title><content type='html'>Cosa Aranda melaporkan bahwa ia mendapatkan &lt;a href="http://www.funponsel.com/pro/google-adsense/adsense-earning-report-november/"&gt;lebih dari $4000/bulan dari Google AdSense&lt;/a&gt; pada bulan November kemarin. Penghasilan tersebut ia dapatkan dari iklan AdSense yang dipasang pada blog-blog di jaringan &lt;a href="http://blog.funponsel.com/"&gt;Funponsel.com&lt;/a&gt; miliknya. Blog-blog tersebut memiliki tema yang bervariasi, tetapi yang paling populer adalah yang bertemakan teknologi dan juga koleksi lirik musik.&lt;br /&gt;Selain dari AdSense, Cosa juga mendapatkan &lt;a href="http://www.adsense-id.com/index.php?topic=255.msg2163#msg2163"&gt;lebih dari $80&lt;/a&gt; pada bulan yang sama dari jaringan iklan &lt;a href="http://www.blogads.com/"&gt;Blogads&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Untuk menangani jaringan blognya, Cosa mempekerjakan &lt;a href="http://www.funponsel.com/pro/funponsel-network/im-hiring/"&gt;dua orang pegawai&lt;/a&gt;. Sedangkan untuk mencapai targetnya, dia mematok pembuatan tulisan di blognya sebanyak antara &lt;a href="http://www.funponsel.com/pro/funponsel-network/reducing-number-of-daily-posts-on-mosts/"&gt;3 sampai dengan 12 buah tulisan per hari&lt;/a&gt; untuk setiap blognya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="more-524"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desain blog pada jaringan Funponsel mengingatkan saya pada &lt;a href="http://www.engadget.com/"&gt;Engadget&lt;/a&gt; dan blog-blog lain pada jaringan &lt;a href="http://www.weblogsinc.com/"&gt;Weblogs Inc.&lt;/a&gt; milik &lt;a href="http://www.calacanis.com/"&gt;Jason Calacanis&lt;/a&gt; yang beberapa waktu yang lalu telah &lt;a href="http://www.timewarner.com/corp/newsroom/pr/0,20812,1114578,00.html"&gt;dibeli oleh grup Time Warner&lt;/a&gt;. Mungkin Cosa memang meniru model bisnis dari Weblogs Inc.?&lt;br /&gt;Seperti halnya Weblogs Inc., pendapatan utama dari jaringan Funponsel sepertinya berasal dari penempatan iklan Google &lt;a href="http://adsense.google.com/"&gt;AdSense&lt;/a&gt;. Walaupun demikian, saya juga melihat ada beberapa iklan yang tidak berasal dari Google AdSense.&lt;br /&gt;Bagaimana Cosa mencapai ini semua? Saya rasa resepnya kira-kira seperti ini:&lt;br /&gt;Persistensi dalam menulis artikel sebanyak 1-2 lusin setiap harinya.&lt;br /&gt;Tulisan dibuat dalam Bahasa Inggris. Menurut pengamatan saya, blog yang berbahasa Inggris memiliki CTR 20-30 kali lebih tinggi daripada blog berbahasa Indonesia.&lt;br /&gt;Desain yang dioptimasi untuk penempatan AdSense dan iklan lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;Optimasi Mesin Pencari (SEO).&lt;br /&gt;Yang aktif mencari pendapatan dari Google AdSense di Indonesia tentunya bukan hanya Cosa. Para profesional Google AdSense ini berkumpul di forum &lt;a href="http://www.adsense-id.com/"&gt;Adsense-ID&lt;/a&gt;. Dalam sebuah postingnya, Cosa mengatakan bahwa ada anggota forum &lt;a href="http://www.adsense-id.com/index.php?topic=255.msg2173#msg2173"&gt;yang memiliki pendapatan per bulan sampai 5 digit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Sukses Cosa bukannya tanpa kontroversi. &lt;a href="http://funponsel.com/blog/"&gt;Blog Funponsel&lt;/a&gt; yang pernah menjadi anggota pengumpul blog &lt;a href="http://planet.terasi.net/"&gt;Planet Terasi&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://priyadi.net/archives/2005/09/07/google-adsense-dan-blog-berbahasa-indonesia/#comment-34585"&gt;bukanlah blog yang populer&lt;/a&gt; di kalangan pembaca Planet Terasi. Penyebabnya kemungkinan besar adalah lusinan artikel dari Funponsel kerap kali memenuhi Planet Terasi. Mungkin ini yang menyebabkan &lt;a href="http://ronny.haryan.to/"&gt;Ronny Haryanto&lt;/a&gt; menghilangkan blog Cosa dari daftar blog yang diindeks oleh Planet Terasi. Karena itu Cosa meminta Ronny untuk menghapus Funponsel dari blog yang diindeks Planet Terasi.&lt;br /&gt;Jika jaringan Funponsel mendapat lebih dari $4000/bulan, tentunya ada banyak pengunjung yang mengklik iklan AdSense. Dari mana saja pengunjung ini? Menurut pengamatan saya, kemungkinan besar berasal dari mesin pencari seperti &lt;a href="http://www.google.com/"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;. Blog &lt;a href="http://www.funponsel.com/blog/"&gt;My Other Side of Stories&lt;/a&gt; yang merupakan &lt;a href="http://www.funponsel.com/pro/funponsel-network/feed-subscriber-november/"&gt;blog paling populer&lt;/a&gt; di jaringan milik Cosa hanya memiliki tujuh orang pelanggan di &lt;a href="http://bloglines.com/"&gt;Bloglines.com&lt;/a&gt;, menandakan blog ini hanya memiliki sedikit pelanggan tetap.&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai perbandingan, di Bloglines blog saya memiliki 113 pelanggan, sedangkan blog &lt;a href="http://enda.goblogmedia.com/"&gt;Enda Nasution&lt;/a&gt; memiliki 121 pelanggan. Dari blog saya ini, saat ini saya hanya mendapatkan kurang dari $10/bulan, sedangkan Enda pernah mengatakan pendapatannya melalui AdSense adalah sekitar $10-12/bulan (kalau tidak salah, dan mungkin sekarang sudah lebih banyak). Hal ini menandakan bahwa blog yang memiliki banyak pembaca rutin belum tentu memiliki pengunjung yang lebih banyak.&lt;br /&gt;Sayangnya, dari hasil membolak-balik forum AdSense-ID, saya belum dapat menemukan contoh situs lain yang layak selain situs-situs Cosa ini. Kebanyakan situs-situs yang saya temukan hanyalah situs-situs ‘klasik’ untuk ‘memancing’ pengunjung dari mesin pencari. Anda memiliki contoh yang lain?&lt;br /&gt;Dunia gemerlap memang selalu dekat dengan dunia hitam, begitu pula di Internet. Tak jarang para ‘profesional’ AdSense melakukan hal-hal yang tidak terpuji, misalnya membuat &lt;a href="http://priyadi.net/archives/2005/09/19/etika-distribusi-linux-dan-scraper-sites/"&gt;scraper sites&lt;/a&gt;, melakukan &lt;a href="http://priyadi.net/archives/2005/10/25/spamware-blog-dari-indonesia/"&gt;spamming&lt;/a&gt; dan sebagainya. Faktor etika inilah yang terlalu sering diabaikan dalam mendapatkan penghasilan di Internet. Untuk saat ini saya masih belum melihat adanya korelasi antara kualitas blog dan jumlah penghasilan, terutama di Indonesia. Jaringan blog milik Cosa mungkin sedikit banyak bisa dibilang merupakan pengecualian.&lt;br /&gt;Siapa yang ingin mengikuti jejak Cosa?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-6062052648875394330?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/6062052648875394330/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=6062052648875394330&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/6062052648875394330'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/6062052648875394330'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/4000bulan-dari-google-adsense.html' title='$4000/Bulan dari Google AdSense'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3326491856913854107.post-7424083250722725099</id><published>2007-09-17T21:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-09-17T21:03:13.491-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Tata Cara Memulai Jadi Hacker</title><content type='html'>HaCkErZ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hacking or Hacker adalah seseorang yang tertarik untuk mengetahui secara mendalam mengenai kerja suatu system dan jaringan computer atou dalam istilahnya ‘Ngoprek’ alias utak-atik sesuatu sampai mendapatkan apa yang diinginkan. Hacking identik dengan bobo-membobol. Cara untuk belajar mensimulasi hack ialah H3cky0uRs3lf alias buat computer kita sebagai server (sekaligus belajar konfigurasi server) truz install program yang dibutuhkan misalx klo mau web Hacking, coba aza install Apache atau IIS. Atouw kita sesuaikan dengan exploit yang udah kita dapet. But lebih baik install Linux atau FreeBSD dulu di Computer pribadi, truz konfigurasi sebaggai server, lalu simulasi Hack, setelah itu baru Hack beneran … apalagi punya Jaringan sendiri …&lt;br /&gt;Oia… nie dia beberapa persiapan yang harus dilakukan bwat menjadi Hack :&lt;br /&gt;1. Fase Persiapan&lt;br /&gt;Mengumpulkan Informasi sebanyak-banyaknya&lt;br /&gt;Secara Aktif :   -Portscanning&lt;br /&gt;                                   -network Mapping&lt;br /&gt;                                    -OS Detection&lt;br /&gt;                                    -Applications Fingerprinting&lt;br /&gt;(semua itu bias dilakukan menggunakan toolz tambahan seperti nmap atou netcat)&lt;br /&gt;Secara Pasif :    -MaiList (jasakom, newbie, Hacker, Hackelink, etc)&lt;br /&gt;-Via Internet Registries (Informasi Domain, IP addres)&lt;br /&gt;-Website yang menjadi TARGET&lt;br /&gt;2. Fase Eksekusi&lt;br /&gt;Setelah mendapatkan informasi, biasanya akan didapatkan informasi mengenai OS yang digunakan, serta port yang terbuka dengan daemon yang sedang berjalan. Selanjutnya mencari Informasi mengenai Vulnerability Holes (Celah kelemahan suatu Program) dan dimanfaatkan menggunakan Exploit (&lt;a href="http://packetstromsecurity.org/" target="_blank"&gt;packetstromsecurity.org&lt;/a&gt;, milw0rm, milis bugtraq, atou mencari lewat #IRC).&lt;br /&gt;Mengexploitasi Vulnerability Holes&lt;br /&gt;            compile eksploit -&gt; local host -&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$gcc –o exploit exploit. C&lt;br /&gt;$./exploit&lt;br /&gt;# hostname (# “tanda mendapatkan akses root”)&lt;br /&gt;Remote host -&gt; $gcc –o exploit exploit.c&lt;br /&gt;$./exploit –t &lt;a href="http://www.target.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.target.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# (klo beruntung dapetin akses root)&lt;br /&gt;Brute Force&lt;br /&gt;            Secara berulang melakukan percobaan otentifikasi&lt;br /&gt;            Menebak username dan password&lt;br /&gt;            Cracking password file&lt;br /&gt;                        Social Engineering&lt;br /&gt;            Memperdayai user untuk memberitahu Username dan Password&lt;br /&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;Intinya bwat ngebohongin User J&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Fase setelah Eksekusi&lt;br /&gt;Menginstall backdoor, Trojans, dan rootkit&lt;br /&gt;Menghapus jejak dengan memodifikasi file log agar tidak dicurigai admin&lt;br /&gt;Menyalin/etc/password atou/etc/shadow/password&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;inti&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;remember&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;wajib&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUntuk menjadi seorang Hacker sejati diperlukan modal mempelajari Jaringan sampai ke akar-akarnya. Klo mau download ilmunya di &lt;a href="http://pandu.dhs.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://pandu.dhs.org&lt;/a&gt; atou &lt;a href="http://www.bogor.net/idkf/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.bogor.net/idkf/&lt;/a&gt; atou &lt;a href="http://louis.idaman.com/idkf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://louis.idaman.com/idkf&lt;/a&gt;. Setelah mempelajari jaringan kemudian cari informasi sebanyak mungkin tentang kelemahan website yang akan diretas, untuk cari kelemahan tersebut cari diberbagai vendor misalx: &lt;a href="http://www.sans.org/newlook/publications/roadmap.htm#3b" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.sans.org/newlook/publications/roadmap.htm#3b&lt;/a&gt; tentang kelemahan dari system yang mereka buat sendiri. Agar cracker terlindungi pada saat melakukan serangan, teknik cloacking (penyamaran) dilakukan dengan cara melompat dari mesin yang sebelumnya telah di compromised (ditaklukan) melalui program telnet atau rsh. Pada mesin perantara yang menggunakan Windows serangan dapat dilakukan dengan melompat dari program Wingate. Selain itu, melompat dapat dilakukan melalui perangkat proxy yang konfigurasinya kurang baik.&lt;br /&gt;Setelah berhasil melompat dan memasuki sistem lain, cracker biasanya melakukan probing terhadap jaringan dan mengumpulkan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, misalnya (1) menggunakan nslookup untuk menjalankan perintah 'ls &lt;domain&gt;' , (2) melihat file HTML di webserver anda untuk mengidentifikasi mesin lainnya, (3) melihat berbagai dokumen di FTP server, (4) menghubungkan diri ke mail server dan menggunakan perintah 'expn &lt;user&gt;', dan (5) mem-finger user di mesin-mesin eksternal lainnya. Langkah selanjutnya, cracker akan mengidentifikasi komponen jaringan yang dipercaya oleh system apa saja. Komponen jaringan tersebut biasanya mesin administrator dan server yang biasanya di anggap paling aman di jaringan. Start dengan check akses &amp;amp; eksport NFS ke berbagai direktori yang kritis seperti /usr/bin, /etc dan /home. Eksploitasi mesin melalui kelemahan Common Gateway Interface (CGI), dengan akses ke file /etc/hosts.allow.&lt;br /&gt;Selanjutnya cracker harus mengidentifikasi komponen jaringan yang lemah dan bisa di taklukan. Cracker bisa mengunakan program di Linux seperti ADMhack, mscan, nmap dan banyak scanner kecil lainnya. Program seperti 'ps' &amp;amp; 'netstat' di buat trojan (ingat cerita kuda troya? dalam cerita klasik yunani kuno) untuk menyembunyikan proses scanning. Bagi cracker yang cukup advanced dapat mengunakan aggressive-SNMP scanning untuk men-scan peralatan dengan SNMP.&lt;br /&gt;Setelah cracker berhasil mengidentifikasi komponen jaringan yang lemah dan bisa di taklukan, maka cracker akan menjalan program untuk menaklukan program daemon yang lemah di server. Program daemon adalah program di server yang biasanya berjalan di belakang layar (sebagai daemon / setan). Keberhasilan menaklukan program daemon ini akan memungkinkan seorang Cracker untuk memperoleh akses sebagai 'root' (administrator tertinggi di server). Untuk menghilangkan jejak, seorang cracker biasanya melakukan operasi pembersihan 'clean-up' operation dengan cara membersihkan berbagai log file. Dan menambahkan program untuk masuk dari pintu belakang 'backdooring'. Mengganti file .rhosts di /usr/bin untuk memudahkan akses ke mesin yang di taklukan melalui rsh &amp;amp; csh.&lt;br /&gt;Selanjutnya seorang cracker dapat menggunakan mesin yang sudah ditaklukan untuk kepentingannya sendiri, misalnya mengambil informasi sensitif yang seharusnya tidak dibacanya; mengcracking mesin lain dengan melompat dari mesin yang di taklukan; memasang sniffer untuk melihat / mencatat berbagai trafik / komunikasi yang lewat; bahkan bisa mematikan sistem / jaringan dengan cara menjalankan perintah 'rm -rf / &amp;amp;'. Yang terakhir akan sangat fatal akibatnya karena sistem akan hancur sama sekali, terutama jika semua software di letakan di harddisk. Proses re-install seluruh sistem harus di lakukan, akan memusingkan jika hal ini dilakukan di mesin-mesin yang menjalankan misi kritis. Oleh karena itu semua mesin &amp;amp; router yang menjalankan misi kritis sebaiknya selalu di periksa keamanannya &amp;amp; di patch oleh software yang lebih baru. Backup menjadi penting sekali terutama pada mesin-mesin yang menjalankan misi kritis supaya terselamatkan dari ulah cracker yang men-disable sistem dengan 'rm -rf / &amp;amp;'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;bagi&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JA Buffer Overflow Study - Attacks and Defenses (2002).pdf 470kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2305162/A_Buffer_Overflow_Study_-_Attacks_and_Defenses__2002_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2305162/A_Buffer_Overflow_Study_-_Attacks_and_Defenses__2002_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JAmazon Hacks - (O'reilly-August 2003).chm 2.83megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/1001242/O_Reilly_-_Amazon_Hacks__2003___TeaM_LiB___Share-Books.Net_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/1001242/O_Reilly_-_Amazon_Hacks__2003___TeaM_LiB___Share-Books.Net_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JComputer Vulnerability(March 9 2000).pdf 390kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2305190/Computer_Vulnerability_March_9_2000_..pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2305190/Computer_Vulnerability_March_9_2000_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JCrackproof Your Software(No Starch-2002).pdf 7.17megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2305234/Crackproof_Your_Software_No_Starch-2002_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2305234/Crackproof_Your_Software_No_Starch-2002_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JCredit Card Visa Hack(Cambridge Lab-2003).pdf 223kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2305239/Credit_Card_Visa_Hack_Cambridge_Lab-2003_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2305239/Credit_Card_Visa_Hack_Cambridge_Lab-2003_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JGoogle Hacking for Penetration Tester (Syngress-2005).pdf 13.7megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2317399/Google_Hacking_for_Penetration_Tester__Syngress-2005_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2317399/Google_Hacking_for_Penetration_Tester__Syngress-2005_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHack Attacks Revealed- A Complete Reference with Custom Security Hacking Toolkit (Wiley-2001).pdf 8.25megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2317485/Hack_Attacks_Revealed-_A_Complete_Reference" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2317485/Hack_Attacks_Revealed-_A_Complete_Reference&lt;/a&gt; JHack IT Security Through Penetration Testing (Addison Wesley-2002).chm 4.96megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2317600/Hack_IT__Security_Through_Penetration_Testing__Addison_Wesley-2002_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2317600/Hack_IT__Security_Through_Penetration_Testing__Addison_Wesley-2002_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JHack Proofing Your Identity in the Information Age (Syngress-2002).pdf 9.11megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2317737/Hack_Proofing_Your_Identity_in_the_Information_Age__Syngress-2002_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2317737/Hack_Proofing_Your_Identity_in_the_Information_Age__Syngress-2002_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JHack Proofing Your Network - Internet Tradecraft (Syngress-2000).pdf 2.94megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2329542/Hack_Proofing_Your_Network_-_Internet_Tradecraft__Syngress-2000_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2329542/Hack_Proofing_Your_Network_-_Internet_Tradecraft__Syngress-2000_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacker Disassembling Uncovered (A List- 2003).chm 4.72megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2329577/Hacker_Disassembling_Uncovered__A_List-_2003_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2329577/Hacker_Disassembling_Uncovered__A_List-_2003_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JHackers Beware (NewRiders -2002).pdf 4.62megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2329607/Hackers_Beware__NewRiders_-2002_..pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2329607/Hackers_Beware__NewRiders_-2002_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHackers Delight( Addison Wesley- 2003 ).chm 2.11megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2329626/Hackers_Delight__Addison_Wesley-_2003__.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2329626/Hackers_Delight__Addison_Wesley-_2003__.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacker's Desk Reference.pdf 744kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2329629/Hacker_s_Desk_Reference.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2329629/Hacker_s_Desk_Reference.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacking Exposed- Network Security Secrets and Solutions (MCGraw-Hill-2001).pdf 8.04megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2369818/Hacking_Exposed-_Network_Security_Secrets_and_Solutions__MCGraw-Hill-2001_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2369818/Hacking_Exposed-_Network_Security_Secrets_and_Solutions__MCGraw-Hill-2001_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacking Exposed- Web Applications (MCGraw-Hill-2002).pdf 7.76megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2369872/Hacking_Exposed-_Web_Applications__MCGraw-Hill-2002_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2369872/Hacking_Exposed-_Web_Applications__MCGraw-Hill-2002_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacking Exposed- Windows 2003 Chapter 5.pdf 916kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2369895/Hacking_Exposed-_Windows_2003_Chapter_5.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2369895/Hacking_Exposed-_Windows_2003_Chapter_5.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacking for Dummies (John Wiley-2004).pdf 9.50megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2369943/Hacking_for_Dummies__John_Wiley-2004_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2369943/Hacking_for_Dummies__John_Wiley-2004_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacking Guide v3.1[www..&lt;a href="http://netz.ru/" target="_blank"&gt;netz.ru&lt;/a&gt;].pdf 1.22megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382155/Hacking_Guide_v3.1_www.netz.ru_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382155/Hacking_Guide_v3.1_www.netz.ru_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JHacking-The Art of Exploitation(No Starch-2003).chm 1.43megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/411679/Hacking_-_The_Art_of_Exploitation.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/411679/Hacking_-_The_Art_of_Exploitation.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JHow Thieves Targeted eBay Users but Got Stopped Instead(Interhack-June 2003).pdf 200kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382182/How_Thieves_Targeted_eBay_Users_but_Got_Stopped_Instead_Interhack-June_2003_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382182/How_Thieves_Targeted_eBay_Users_but_Got_Stopped_Instead_Interhack-June_2003_..pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JMalware - Fighting Malicious Code (Prentice Hall-November 21 2003).chm 6.49megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382239/Malware_-_Fighting_Malicious_Code__Prentice_Hall-November_21_2003_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382239/Malware_-_Fighting_Malicious_Code__Prentice_Hall-November_21_2003_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JMaximum Security, 3rd Edition(Sams-April 2001).chm 2.21megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382271/Maximum_Security__3rd_Edition_Sams-April_2001_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382271/Maximum_Security__3rd_Edition_Sams-April_2001_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JMaximum Security_-A Hackers Guide to Protect Your Internet .chm 1.31megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382285/Maximum_Security_-A_Hackers_Guide_to__Protect_Your_Internet_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382285/Maximum_Security_-A_Hackers_Guide_to__Protect_Your_Internet_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JNetwork Security Tools (OReilly- Apr 2005)..chm 1.32megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382318/Network_Security_Tools__OReilly-_Apr_2005_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382318/Network_Security_Tools__OReilly-_Apr_2005_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JPC Hacks(Oct 2004).chm 6.10megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/1437885/OReilly.PC.Hacks.Oct.2004.eBook-DDU.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/1437885/OReilly.PC.Hacks.Oct.2004.eBook-DDU.chm.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JPDF Hack(Aug 2004).chm 3.61megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/1693887/OReilly.PDF.Hacks.Aug.2004.eBook-DDU.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/1693887/OReilly.PDF.Hacks.Aug.2004.eBook-DDU.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JPractical Study Remote Access (Cisco-December 22, 2003).chm 2.50megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2382422/Practical_Study_Remote_Access__Cisco-December_22__2003_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2382422/Practical_Study_Remote_Access__Cisco-December_22__2003_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JReversing Secrets of Reverse Engineering (Apr 2005).pdf 8.37megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2369197/Wiley.Reversing.Secrets.of.Reverse.Engineering.Apr.2005.eBook-DDU.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2369197/Wiley.Reversing.Secrets.of.Reverse.Engineering.Apr.2005.eBook-DDU.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JSecrets To Winning Cash Via Online Poker.pdf 233kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2394511/Secrets_To_Winning_Cash_Via_Online_Poker.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2394511/Secrets_To_Winning_Cash_Via_Online_Poker.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JSpidering Hacks(O'Reilly- October 2003).chm 1.38megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/1000252/OReilly.Spidering.Hacks.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/1000252/OReilly.Spidering.Hacks..chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JStealing the Network; How to Own the Box ( Syngress-2003).pdf 4.58megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/714044/Stealing_the_Network_How_to_Own_the_Box.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/714044/Stealing_the_Network_How_to_Own_the_Box.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JThe Art of Deception by Kevin Mitnick.pdf 5.19megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2394816/The_Art_of_Deception_by_Kevin_Mitnick.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2394816/The_Art_of_Deception_by_Kevin_Mitnick.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JThe Art of Intrusion-The Real Stories Behind the Exploits of Hackers Intruders and Deceivers (Wiley- Feb 2005).pdf 3.06megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/985113/The_Art_of_Intrusion.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/985113/The_Art_of_Intrusion.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JThe Complete History of Hacking.pdf 135kbs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2394847/The_Complete_History_of_Hacking.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2394847/The_Complete_History_of_Hacking.pdf..html&lt;/a&gt; JTricks of the Internet Gurus (April 1999).pdf 5.66megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2394924/Tricks_of_the_Internet_Gurus__April_1999_.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2394924/Tricks_of_the_Internet_Gurus__April_1999_.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JUnderground Hacking Madness &amp;amp; Obsession on the Electronic Frontier.pdf 1.47megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2394936/Underground_Hacking_Madness___Obsession_on_the_Electronic_Frontier.pdf.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2394936/Underground_Hacking_Madness___Obsession_on_the_Electronic_Frontier.pdf.html&lt;/a&gt; JWeb Hacking- Attacks and Defence (Pearson Education-August 08, 2002).chm 6.32megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/2394976/Web_Hacking-_Attacks_and_Defence__Pearson_Education-August_08__2002_.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/2394976/Web_Hacking-_Attacks_and_Defence__Pearson_Education-August_08__2002_.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; JWindows Server Hack(O'Reilly - March 2004)..chm 1.82megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/1693872/OReilly.Windows.Server.Hacks.eBook-DDU.chm.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/1693872/OReilly.Windows.Server.Hacks.eBook-DDU.chm.html&lt;/a&gt; Windows XP Hacks (O'reilly- Auguest 2003).chm 5.18megs &lt;a href="http://rapidshare.de/files/1693126/O_Reilly_-_Windows_XP_Hacks.chm..html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://rapidshare.de/files/1693126/O_Reilly_-_Windows_XP_Hacks.chm.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;catatan&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untuk menjadi seorang Hacker harus mempelajari tentang Networking, Programming, dan System Operasi, Internet..&lt;br /&gt;JNetworking dimulai dari Pengetahuan dasar jaringan (konsep TCP/IP), komponen dasar jaringan, dan Topologi jaringan. Lebih lengkapnya datengin aza di &lt;a href="http://www.ilmukomputer.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.ilmukomputer.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JProgramming yang terpenting ialah mempelajari ‘logika’ pemrograman, jadi lebih kerarah pemanfaatan logika, ada baiknya belajar algoritma, pengenalan flowchart atau bagan alur untuk melatih logika (teoritis) serta untuk prakteknya disarankan belajar pemrograman yang masih menomorsatukan logika/murni. Bahasa pemrograman yang harus dipelajari ialah seperti C, Perl, Phyton, Pascal, C++. Untuk memulai programming ialah kumpulkan semua documentasi, manual, how to …, FAQ, buku, dan xample”. Kemudian cari dan Install Software yang dibutuhkan. Jangan sekali-kali menggunakan program language seperti VisualBasic, atou Delphi karena tidak portable. Belum ada implementasi open-source dari bahasa-bahasa ini, jadi kamu akan terkurung di platform yang dipilih oleh Vendor (remember yach …menerima situasi monopoli seperti itu bukanlah cara HaCk3R) wajib juga mempelajari pemrogramman web karena dunia internet ialah dunia kamu, program language yang harus dipelajari bagi junior ialah mulai dari HTML sampe’ ke PHP.&lt;br /&gt;JSystem Operasi wajib dikuasai karena itu merupakan lingkungan kamu nantinya, perdalam cara kerja suatu operating system, kenali dan akrabkan diri. Operating system yang diperdalam ialah Linux atou BSD karena mereka bersifat “open source”. Buat pemula sebaiknya gunakan Linux karena baik system installasinya dan Graphical User Interfacenya lebih memudahkan kamu. Disarankan memakai distro Mandrake atou redhat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menjadi seorang hacker yang bener-bener Profesional membutuhkan waktu tapi tergantung orangnya juga kalo orangnya bener-bener punya niat pengen jadi Hacker dan teruz mempelajari ilmu-ilmu Hacker dengan rajin, teliti, cepet, punya kemauan,  so mungkin bbakal jadi seorang Hacker sejati dalam jangka waktu dua atou tiga bulan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;&lt;&lt;eh&gt;&gt;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;                 &lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Created Digi_mania86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3326491856913854107-7424083250722725099?l=duniahacker.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/feeds/7424083250722725099/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3326491856913854107&amp;postID=7424083250722725099&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/7424083250722725099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3326491856913854107/posts/default/7424083250722725099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://duniahacker.blogspot.com/2007/09/tata-cara-memulai-jadi-hacker.html' title='Tata Cara Memulai Jadi Hacker'/><author><name>eL-Note</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13729953584248247791</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
